ABSTRACT:
CYP450 exists in prokaryotic and eukaryotic (plants, insects, fish and mammal, as well as microorganism).Different P450 enzymes can be found in almost any tissue: liver, kidney, lungs and even brain. It plays an important role in drugs metabolism and xenobiotics. Cytochrome P450 proteins in humans are drug metabolizing enzymes and enzymes that are used to make cholesterol, steroids and other important lipids such as prostacyclins and thromboxane-A2.Firstly CYP450 is discovered by R.T. Williams - in vivo, 1947. Brodie – in vitro, from late 40s till the 60s. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (hemoproteins) play an important role in the intra-cellular metabolism CYP enzymes have been identified from all lineages of life, including mammals, birds, fish, insects, worms, sea squirts, sea urchins, plants, fungi, slime molds, bacteria and archaea. More than 8100 distinct CYP sequences are known.CYP450 includes hydroxylation and various xenobiotic reactions. Clinical aspects of CYP450 include genetic polymorphism and drug drug interaction. Roche Amplichip test in very useful nowadays because many harmful reactions resulting from inappropriate dosing and treatment may be significantly reduced as clinicians can adjust the patient’s regimen accordingly. The AmpliChip Cytochrome P450 Genotyping System may help the doctor determine if a patient is at risk of adverse drug reactions or sub-optimal drug response. Thus it is very up growing technique to prevent adverse drug reactions.