Author(s):
Sanjay R. Nishad, Shejal S. Narwade, Pooja R. Naik, Renuka B. Dhakne, Vandana P. Patil
Email(s):
sanjaynishad7sn@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-4150.2026.00049 
Address:
Sanjay R. Nishad1*, Shejal S. Narwade2, Pooja R. Naik3, Renuka B. Dhakne4, Vandana P. Patil5
1 M. Pharm. (Pharmaceutics), University Department of Chemical Technology, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India.
2 B Pharm, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India.
3 M. Pharm (Quality Assurance), Dayanand College of Pharmacy, Maharashtra, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, University Department of Chemical Technology, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India.
5Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmaceutics, Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Maharashtra, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Sulfonamide derivatives continue to be a significant category of synthetic antimicrobial compounds with extensive therapeutic benefits. Their advancement started with the identification of Prontosil and its active metabolite sulfanilamide, paving the way for contemporary antibacterial chemotherapy. Sulfonamides resemble para-aminobenzoic acid in structure and hinder dihydropteroate synthase, preventing folate production. When combined with dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors like trimethoprim, they create a sequential blockade that improves antibacterial effectiveness. Studies on structure-activity demonstrate that the para-amino and sulfonyl groups on the benzene ring are crucial for activity, while alterations at the N1 and N4 positions significantly affect potency. Clinically, sulfonamides show efficacy against numerous gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria. Although resistance restricts their application against organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Their importance goes beyond antibacterial treatment. Sulfonamide frameworks facilitate various biological uses, encompassing diuretics, antidiabetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, anti-inflammatory medications, and new compounds aimed at enzymes like NaV1.7. They also act as important intermediates in synthetic chemistry via alkylation, arylation, and rearrangement processes. Although they are useful, sulfonamides pose significant precautions during pregnancy, infancy, and in individuals with known hypersensitivity. Sustained interest in their chemical adaptability and pharmacological range encourages ongoing investigation into novel sulfonamide-derived therapies
Cite this article:
Sanjay R. Nishad, Shejal S. Narwade, Pooja R. Naik, Renuka B. Dhakne, Vandana P. Patil. Sulfonamide Derivatives in Antimicrobial Therapy: Structure-Activity Relationship and Medicinal Chemistry Perspectives. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry.2026; 19(4):317-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2026.00049
Cite(Electronic):
Sanjay R. Nishad, Shejal S. Narwade, Pooja R. Naik, Renuka B. Dhakne, Vandana P. Patil. Sulfonamide Derivatives in Antimicrobial Therapy: Structure-Activity Relationship and Medicinal Chemistry Perspectives. Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry.2026; 19(4):317-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-4150.2026.00049 Available on: https://www.ajrconline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-4-6
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